THE ANCIENT WORLD.

The Diwan-i-Khas in Agra Fort and Taj Mahal in Distance - 1865  By- AAKASH SAINI History Agra It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata (see above) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī, the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan’s death, the city passed on to his son, Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah (emperor) Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526. The golden age of the city began with the Mughals. It was known then as Akbarabād and remained the capital of the Mughal Empire under the Badshahs (emperors) Akbar, Jahāngīr and Shāh Jahān. Akbar made it the eponymous seat of one of his original twelve subahs (imperial top-level provinces), bordering (Old) Delhi, Awadh (Oudh), Allahabad, Malwa and Ajmer subahs. Shāh Jahān later shifted his capital to Shāhjahānabād in the year 1649. Since Akbarabād was one of the...

Why is it Called a Burrito? Across the globe, burritos are noted as a staple in Mexican cuisine. The meat, cheese, bean, and veggie stuffed tortillas are extremely popular, but most people are unaware of their origins. If you are looking for Burritos or Tacos in Farmingdale, it may be worthwhile to learn  where they came from  and why they are called “burritos” to begin with! The word burrito translates to “little donkey”, stemming from “burro” which means donkey, and “-ito” which means little. Burritos do not contain any donkey products and they do not look like donkeys, so where did the name come from? The truth is that we don’t know for a fact who invented the burrito or why. We know that burritos were invented sometime in the 20th century and that there are many theories about their creation. Here are a few examples of theories: Theories Juan Méndez, a street vendor in Chihuahua, Mexico, invented the burrito. During the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s, Méndez decided to wr...

Gang Violence in the Late Roman Republic. The fifth century BCE exhibited what has generally been termed ‘gang violence’: that is, the deployment of (relatively) well-organised gangs of lower-class men by elite figures, such as Publius Clodius Pulcher and Titus Annius Milo, in their pursuit of specific political purposes. This chapter analyses this phenomenon from the larger perspectives of self-help in Rome, the political violence that had begun to affect Roman civic life in the second century BCE (intensified by the civil war of the eighties BCE), and by way of the institutional and social features of Roman life (e.g. clientele and collegia) that facilitated the creation and exploitation of gangs. It concludes with innovations introduced by Augustus which effectively brought an end to gang violence in the city of Rome.

 Genghis Khan Hero or Villain? By - AAKASH SAINI Genghis Khan, Genghis also spelled Chinggis, Chingis, Jenghiz, or Jinghis, original name Temüjin, also spelled Temuchin, (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227), Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea. Genghis Khan was a warrior and ruler of genius who, starting from obscure and insignificant beginnings, brought all the nomadic tribes of Mongolia under the rule of himself and his family in a rigidly disciplined military state. He then turned his attention toward the settled peoples beyond the borders of his nomadic realm and began the series of campaigns of plunder and conquest that eventually carried the Mongol armies as far as the Adriatic Sea in one direction and the Pacific coast of China in the other, leading to the establishment of the great Mongol Empire. 10 THINGS YO...

 What is does encyclopedia mean?   a work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically often by subject. What is encyclopedia and its uses? encyclopaedia, also spelled encyclopedia,  reference work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or that treats a particular branch of knowledge in a comprehensive manner Are encyclopedias still used today? The World Book Encyclopedia is the only general A-Z print research source still published today . Whether you are looking up information to understand a subject or checking a fact for a homework assignment, answers are here! Tens of thousands of index entries make it easy to find information wherever it is in the set. Types of encyclopedia  Dictionaries:-  Words are arranged mostly in an alphabetical order. Dictionaries provide to us the meanings of words, synonyms and etymology. Comprehensive E...

                          how his predictions changed the word :- Ten secret inventions of Nikola Tesla which have changed the world forever By AAKASH SAINI Are you also one of those fascinated by the Tesla Coil and by the eternal fighting between Tesla and the American Edison? Then you are in the right place. Enjoy the reading and let me know your opinion in the comments? Few characters in science history have around themselves an aura of a legend like the inventor Nikola Tesla (1856-1943). Those who know the story of Nikola Tesla, know that any term used to describe his profession might seem reductive. Scientist, physicist, engineer, inventor, none of these words describe sufficiency the life of Nikola Tesla. Maybe genius only can minimally describe the life of this man. A main actor of the electricity revolution, Tesla was the prototype of the mad genius. He invented the Tesla coil, whose impressive electrical discharg...

When I was studying the metallurgy of ancient Rome, I saw a rather controversial study done by Michael Fulford, David Sim and Alistair Doig called "The production of Roman ferrous armour:a metallographic survey of material from Britain,Denmark and Germany, and its implications".Here is what it says about the quality of the armor of ancient Rome: In the material itself there is perhaps a greater variation, from martensitic steel to pure ferrite, but the hardness is consistently greater than about 180Hv. Of our samples, 80% are of ferrite, most showing equi-axed grains from hot-working, and with hardness ranging from 124 to 325HV; the latter (no. 20, Vindolanda helmet) was achieved by heavy cold-working and showed elongated ferrite grains.In all, 64 measurements of different sheets of ferrite give an average hardness of 195Hv and a median of 190Hv. Given that annealed iron is normally 90-100Hv, the extent of cold-working to achieve hardnesses in excess of 180Hv can be well appr...